What Are Sleep Disorders?
Sleep disorders are characterized by alterations in sleeping patterns, impacting your overall health, safety, and well-being. Sleep deprivation not only compromises your ability to drive safely but also heightens the risk of various health issues.
What Are the Different Sleep Disorder Types?
Some major sleep disorder types include:
Insomnia
Insomnia is a type of sleep disorder in which the individual finds difficulty falling asleep.
A person with insomnia shows these sleep disorder symptoms:
- Sleeplessness
- Wake up during the night/ have difficulty going back to sleep
- Wake up too early
- Having unrefreshing sleep
- Fatigue
- Mood changes
- Difficulty in concentration
- Sleep Apnea
It is one of the many types of sleep disorders in which a person takes a pause of a minimum of 10 seconds in breathing during sleep. It is a continuous process. The person is unaware of this condition until someone else notices its symptoms.
Parasomnias
A parasomnia refers to a sleep disorder marked by atypical and unwanted physical occurrences or sensations that disturb sleep. These disturbances may manifest before, during, or upon awakening from sleep, showcasing diverse traits, severity levels, and occurrence frequencies.
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
This condition falls under the category of sleep movement disorders. Restless legs syndrome, alternatively known as Willis-Ekbom disease, triggers an uncomfortable sensation and an irresistible urge to move the legs as you attempt to drift off to sleep. This discomfort typically occurs during the evening or at night while sitting or lying down. Movement temporarily alleviates the discomfort.
Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a persistent neurological condition disrupting the brain’s regulation of sleep-wake patterns. Individuals with narcolepsy often experience periods of feeling refreshed upon waking, followed by excessive daytime sleepiness.
Hypersomnia
Hypersomnia refers to the difficulty in maintaining wakefulness and alertness during the day, even after obtaining a sufficient amount of sleep at night. This condition poses challenges in various aspects of life, including work, social interactions, and home responsibilities.
Circadian Rhythm Disorders
Circadian rhythm disorders arise when your sleep patterns deviate from the norm. The prevalent type, known as “shift work disorder” or “jet lag,” manifests as fatigue during nighttime work hours and difficulty sleeping during the day when not working.
Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome
The delayed sleep phase is a sleep disorder that affects the internal clock, known as circadian rhythm. People with this sleep disorder have sleep patterns that are delayed two hours or more from usual sleep patterns. They go to sleep later and wake later.
Signs and Symptoms of Sleep Disorders
There are some telltale signs of sleeping disorders, some of them being:
Difficulty Falling or Staying Asleep
Also known as insomnia, in this the person has trouble falling asleep, and usually trouble staying asleep as well. Even upon waking up, one might still experience fatigue.
Insomnia can deplete your energy reserves and impact your mood, as well as have repercussions on your health, work productivity, and overall quality of life.
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Inadequate sleep at night is usually the cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. Factors such as shift work, family obligations, a newborn, academic commitments, or an active social life may contribute to this phenomenon.
Additional factors encompass sleep disorders, medication usage, and various medical or psychological conditions.
Irregular Breathing Patterns
Obstructive sleep apnea stands as the predominant sleep-related breathing ailment. Individuals affected by this condition experience recurrent pauses and resumptions in breathing during sleep.
This disorder occurs when the muscles in the throat relax, obstructing the airway.
Unusual Movements During Sleep
Unusual movements can hinder the ability to achieve adequate, restful sleep. Additionally, they can pose challenges for individuals sharing a bed with someone experiencing such disorders.
Frequent Awakenings During the Night
Many individuals experience one or two awakenings throughout the night. Potential causes include consuming caffeine or alcohol close to bedtime, an unfavorable sleep environment, or the presence of another health issue.
Difficulty Concentrating During Daytime
Insufficient sleep or low-quality rest can lead to various consequences. Among the most apparent are fatigue and reduced energy levels, along with irritability and difficulties in maintaining focus.
Decision-making abilities and mood can also be negatively impacted.
Loud Snoring
Loud snoring interspersed with interruptions in breathing, followed by abrupt snorts or gasps upon resuming breathing, may indicate obstructive sleep apnea.
Feeling unrested after a night’s sleep
Life stressors and poor sleep hygiene can both impair your ability to achieve a restful night’s sleep.
Other things that can interrupt sleep are jet lag, having young children or having to provide regular care for someone with an illness.
Nightmares, Night Terrors, or Sleepwalking
Sleep terrors and sleepwalking are related disorders of sleep that typically occur within 1 to 2 hours after the person has fallen asleep. The sleep terror or sleepwalking may last a few minutes to an hour.
Irritability or Anxiety
Difficulties with sleep frequently accompany symptoms of depression or anxiety, alongside sensations of irritability and restlessness. Sleep anxiety manifests as a sense of unease or apprehension regarding the act of falling asleep.
Depression
The connection between depression and sleep issues is profound. Those experiencing insomnia, for instance, face a tenfold increase in the likelihood of developing depression compared to those enjoying restful sleep.
Moreover, among individuals battling depression, a staggering 75% struggle with either falling asleep or staying asleep.
Sleep Disorders Causes
Sleep disorders occur when there’s a disturbance in your body’s natural rhythm of sleep and wakefulness. Various factors can trigger this disruption, and the cause varies depending on the type of sleep disorder you’re experiencing.
Allergies and respiratory problems
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and allergies encompass various conditions, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), snoring, and mouth breathing, all of which impede normal airflow during sleep.
For individuals with allergies, sleep difficulties can progress to more severe sleep disturbances, including nocturnal enuresis, insomnia, and disrupted sleep patterns.
Frequent urination
This can be caused by a variety of factors, such as sleep disorders, bladder obstruction as well as simply drinking too much fluid before bed.
This tends to occur naturally as people age, and is common for both men and women.
Chronic pain
If one has chronic pain, one is less likely to be able to experience deep sleep. This also means that they might stay awake at night—and the sleep, however little it is, will not be sufficient. The overall quality of sleep is hampered.
Stress and anxiety
The fear of falling asleep or staying asleep is called sleep anxiety. It is closely related to problems such as anxiety, and more often than not, one can affect the other.
Side effects of a medication
Some drugs which are commonly used don’t allow the user to stay asleep or fall asleep. It is usually best to get the doctor involved so that a better alternative can be looked at.
Genetic factors
The same genes are tied to the processes that regulate the sleep-wake cycle in the body and whether one feels awake and alert. These genes can affect things such as neurotransmitters and hormones associated with the body’s circadian rhythm. Affected neurotransmitters are GABA, adenosine, hypocretin/orexin and serotonin.
Lifestyle Factors
One may be prone to insomnia because of certain habits—including taking long naps around one’s bedtime and drinking excessive caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Irregular sleep patterns ares also responsible for insomnia.
Risk Factors for Sleep Disorders
- You may be more at risk of sleep disorders if you:
- One may be more at risk of getting a sleep disorder if one:
- Has other comorbid conditions
- Has excessive stressors in their life
- Has work for late hours
- Has a genetic condition for sleepovers
- How Are Sleep Disorders Diagnosed?
A professional will be able to diagnose the sleep disorder—usually after a physical exam to determine the symptoms. The cause is needed to be known, which can be done by blood tests as well as well imaging.
A sleep diary might be helpful to maintain as well. In certain cases, they might suggest visiting a sleep clinic as well.
When to See a Doctor for Sleep Disorder?
You should see a sleep specialist when sleep problems persist for more than about three months and are affecting your daily life.
Maybe you’re snoring a lot, waking up in the middle of the night, or struggling to stay awake when you’re at work or while driving.
Treatments for Sleep Disorder
There are many types of treatment options that can be availed for treating sleep disorders, such as:
Medical treatments
There may be some recommendations of medicines and supplements which can help to treat sleep disorders.
Insomnia: Melatonin, zaleplon, eszopiclone, lamborexant, doxepin and zolpidem are some medicines that help to sleep.
Restless legs syndrome: Gabapentin enacarbil, pregabalin, or gabapentin are some such medications.
Narcolepsy: Wake-promotion and stimulants such as armodafinil, solriamfetol, pitolisant, modafinil, sodium oxybate or mixed salt.
Adjusting Current Medication Regimens
One should never stop taking medicine without the approval from the healthcare provider. To counter excessive sleepiness as a side effect of medication, one may need to talk to the provider.
Establish a consistent sleep schedule
Reworking your sleep routine is a good idea. Main thing proper sleep hygiene is essential for good sleep.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Sleep Disorders
A structured and goal oriented type of talk therapy is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). It is useful to manage mental health conditions (such as depression and anxiety), and is even helpful in managing emotional concerns such as stress and grief. It can manage other health conditions as well, such as chronic pain and insomnia.
CPAP Machines and Neurostimulators for Sleep Apnea
A Continuous Positive Airway Pressure machine (CPAP), or even owning a neurostimulator can help control sleep apnea, which can help regulate one’s sleep.
Utilizing Light Therapy
A type of light therapy is a form of treatment that can be used for insomnia and other such sleep disorders. It resets the body clock so one may feel alert in the day and tired during the evening. If one has any trouble waking up then light therapy is good for the evening times.
Strategies for Enhancing Sleep Quality
Optimizing Your Sleep Environment
Try and see to the fact that the bedroom remains in a quiet, cool, and dark place. Background noise is helpful if one is not able to sleep—things such as white noise or earplugs. Blackout curtains or eye masks can be used if light interferes.
Stress Reduction Techniques Before Bedtime
Reduction of stress is essential before going to bed. Writing things down can help if one has the tendency to worry too much later at night in bed.
Limiting Bed Activities to Sleep and Intimacy
Avoid watching television or videos on your phone, eating, or working in your bedroom—keep the space just for sleep and intimate times.
Incorporating Regular Exercise
To promote great sleep one must get into exercise. However, it’s is best to avoid it just before 4 hours of one’s bedtime if there is any trouble in sleeping. Strenuous exercise must be avoided.
Why Choose Cadabams for Treating Sleep Disorder?
At Cadabams, we have a dedicated team of mental health professionals with expertise in dealing with various types of Insomnia cases. This knowledge and experience enable us to help our clients improve their sleep cycles and eventually gain control over their sleeping routines through treatments like CBT, medications, and therapy.
If you are searching for a solution to your problem, Cadabam’s Hospitals can help you with its team of specialized experts. We have been helping thousands of people live healthier and happier lives for 30+ years.
We leverage evidence-based approaches and holistic treatment methods to help individuals effectively manage their Sleep Disorders. Get in touch with us today. You can call us at +91 97414 76476. You can even email us at info@cadabamshospitals.com.
More useful resources:
Types of Sleep Disorders
Sleep Disorder Problems
Sleep Disorder in Child
Everything about Sleep Disorder
Sleep Disorder and Depression
Therapy Options Available for Sleep Disorder
FAQs
How much sleep is necessary?
The usual recommendation is anything between 7 to 9 hours. The ones who sleep less than 7 hours of sleep are likely to have more health problems.
What are the 5 common sleep problems?
Insomnia is the most common type of sleep problem. Some others include parosmia, restless leg syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy. These are often linked to emotional and physical problems..
Can sleep apnea kill you?
Even though it is quite uncommon, it isn’t entirely impossible to die during sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases a person’s chance of sudden death—which is more in older people and people with severe added health issues.
How are sleep disorders treated?
Even if other physical and mental symptoms of other things may not be present, one must treat sleep disorder specifically. Medication and behavioural techniques (such as CBT) are used to treat chronic insomnia.
What foods or drinks should I take or avoid to reduce the risk of a sleep disorder?
Caffeinated beverages and food, refined carbs, spicy food, food with added sugar, food with high amounts of fat, and alcohol can deter one’s sleep quality. Avoiding certain foods and beverages can be helpful if one has a tendency to not fall/stay asleep.
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