What is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar Disorder is a mental health condition marked by intense mood shifts, encompassing episodes of elevated energy and activity (mania) as well as periods of low mood and energy (depression).
These fluctuations in mood and behaviour can significantly impact daily functioning, relationships, and overall well-being.
Bipolar Disorder Symptoms
Bipolar Disorder symptoms include manic episodes marked by elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsivity, as well as depressive episodes characterised by low mood, fatigue, and feelings of worthlessness.
These alternating mood swings can disrupt daily functioning and require specialised treatment.
Mania and Hypomania
Mania and hypomania are distinct phases of Bipolar Disorder characterised by elevated mood, increased energy, and heightened activity levels.
Mania involves severe symptoms that can impair functioning, leading to reckless behaviour and delusions of grandeur.
Hypomania is a milder form of mania featuring similar symptoms but with less severity and without significant impairment in daily functioning.
Major Depressive Episode
A major depressive episode is a key feature of both Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder, characterised by profound feelings of sadness, loss of interest or enjoyment in activities.
It also causes alterations in appetite or sleep habits, fatigue, a sense of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty focusing, and thoughts of death or suicide. These symptoms persist for a minimum of two weeks.
Symptoms in Children and Teens
In children and teens, Bipolar Disorder symptoms can show up differently, such as severe mood swings, irritability, disruptive behaviour, extreme sensitivity to rejection, difficulty concentrating, and changes in sleep and appetite.
These symptoms can significantly impact academic performance, social interactions, and family dynamics.
While some of them may be able to manage these conditions, people who struggle with it could likely be suffering from Bipolar disorder.
For more details on bipolar disorder in children, check out this article.
Who Does Bipolar Disorder Affect?
Bipolar disorder can influence individuals irrespective of age, gender, or socioeconomic background. While it commonly appears during late adolescence or early adulthood, it can develop at any point in life, significantly affecting individuals’ daily functioning.
Types of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder has distinct types that help understand the intensity and change in behaviour.
- Bipolar I Disorder is characterised by manic episodes often followed by depressive episodes.
- Bipolar II Disorder, featuring hypomanic and depressive episodes.
- Cyclothymic Disorder involves milder mood swings.
- Other specified and unspecified bipolar disorders encompass variations that do not fit specific criteria.
Bipolar 1 Disorder
Bipolar I Disorder is characterised by manic episodes lasting at least seven days or requiring hospitalisation.
These manic episodes involve elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsivity, often accompanied by symptoms like inflated self-esteem and reduced need for sleep.
Depressive episodes may also occur, alternating with manic episodes, significantly impacting daily functioning and relationships.
Bipolar 2 Disorder
Bipolar II Disorder involves recurring episodes of hypomania and depression. Hypomanic episodes are milder than manic episodes, yet they still feature heightened mood, boosted energy levels, and impulsivity.
Depressive episodes resemble those seen in Bipolar I Disorder.
Cyclothymic Disorder
Frequent occurrences of hypomanic and depressive symptoms persisting for a minimum of two years in adults or one year in children and adolescents may indicate Cyclothymic Disorder.
These symptoms do not meet the criteria for a manic or depressive episode. Cyclothymic Disorder may progress to Bipolar I or Bipolar II Disorder if symptoms worsen over time.
How common is Bipolar Disorder in India?
In India, approximately one in every 150 individuals is affected by bipolar disorder, with around 70 percent of them not receiving treatment.
Bipolar Disorder affects individuals in India by disrupting daily life, relationships, and work. Despite its common occurrence, many individuals go without treatment, underscoring the importance of raising awareness and improving access to mental health care.
Causes of Bipolar Disorder
While the precise origins of Bipolar Disorder are not completely comprehended, it is thought to stem from a blend of genetic, biological, and environmental factors.
Disruptions in neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, as well as alterations in brain structure and function, may play a role in its onset.
Additionally, stressful life events and traumatic experiences can serve as triggers for episodes of mania or depression in susceptible individuals.
Genetics
Genetics plays a significant role in Bipolar Disorder, with studies suggesting a strong hereditary component.
Individuals with a family history of the disorder are at a higher risk of developing it themselves. However, genetics alone do not determine the onset of Bipolar Disorder, as environmental factors also interact with genetic predispositions to influence the disorder’s manifestation.
Biological Differences
Biological differences in Bipolar Disorder include abnormalities in brain structure and function, particularly in regions involved in mood regulation.
Imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine also contribute to the disorder’s pathophysiology, affecting mood stability and emotional regulation.
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors such as traumatic events, chronic stress, substance abuse, and disruptions in sleep patterns can trigger or exacerbate Bipolar Disorder episodes.
These environmental stressors interact with genetic predispositions and biological vulnerabilities, influencing the onset, severity, and course of the disorder.
Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder is diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation by a mental health professional.
This involves assessing symptoms, medical history, and family history, often supplemented by psychological tests and interviews.
Diagnostic criteria from manuals like the DSM-5 are used to determine if an individual meets the criteria for Bipolar Disorder.
When to Consult a Doctor?
Consult a doctor if experiencing symptoms of Bipolar Disorder, such as severe mood swings, disrupted sleep patterns, changes in energy levels, or thoughts of self-harm.
Additionally, seek medical attention if symptoms interfere with daily functioning, relationships, or work.
Early intervention improves prognosis, so don’t hesitate to reach out to a mental health professional for assessment and support.
What Type Of Specialist Treat Bipolar Disorder?
A multi-disciplinary team, such as the one at Cadabam’s Hospitals, proves highly effective in treating Bipolar Disorder. This team comprises psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, therapists, family therapists, and counsellors, facilitating a holistic recovery approach.
Psychiatrists diagnose and prescribe medication, clinical psychologists assist in coping strategies, and family therapists aid in understanding the disorder’s impact on familial relationships.
Bipolar Disorder Treatment
Treatment for Bipolar Disorder typically entails a blend of medication, therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Mood stabilisers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants are frequently used to alleviate symptoms.
Therapeutic approaches like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy aid individuals in cultivating coping mechanisms and enhancing interpersonal connections.
Implementing lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management techniques further contribute to long-term stability and well-being.
What Are The Therapies Available For Bipolar Disorder?
Treatment for Bipolar Disorder includes medication like mood stabilisers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants.
Psychotherapy, especially Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT), along with lifestyle adjustments, are also essential components of therapy.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for Bipolar Disorder centers on recognizing and questioning negative thought patterns and behaviours.
It assists individuals in crafting coping mechanisms to navigate mood shifts and enhance overall functioning. CBT is an integral component of bipolar disorder treatment.
Family-focused Therapy
Family-focused therapy for Bipolar Disorder involves educating both the individual and their family about the disorder and its impact on familiar relationships.
It aims to improve communication, problem-solving, and coping skills within the family unit to support long-term recovery.
Psychoeducation
Psychoeducation for Bipolar Disorder involves providing individuals and their families with information about the disorder, its symptoms, triggers, and treatment options.
It helps enhance understanding, build coping strategies, and improve management of the condition.
How Cadabam’s Hospital Treats Bipolar Disorder?
If you or someone you care about is grappling with bipolar disorder, Cadabam’s Hospitals offers exceptional treatment. With over 30 years of mental health expertise, our skilled doctors and professionals provide consistent support. For more complex cases, our specialised rehabilitation centres boast top-notch facilities and expert staff to expedite recovery.
If you are searching for a solution to your problem, Cadabam’s Hospitals can help you with its team of specialised experts. We have been helping thousands of people live healthier and happier lives for 30+ years.
We leverage evidence-based approaches and holistic treatment methods to help individuals effectively manage their Bipolar Disorder. Get in touch with us today. You can call us at +91 97414 76476. You can even email us at info@cadabamshospitals.com.
More Useful Resources:
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Therapies Available for Bipolar Disorder
FAQs
How Does Bipolar Affect Daily Life?
Bipolar disorder can disrupt daily life through mood swings, affecting relationships, work performance, and decision-making.
Episodes of mania or depression can lead to impulsive behaviour and challenges in functioning.
Can a Bipolar Person Live A Normal Life?
Yes, with proper treatment and support, many people with bipolar disorder can lead fulfilling lives.
A combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes can aid in symptom management, fostering stability and enhancing overall quality of life.
What are The Therapies Available For Bipolar Disorder?
Therapies for bipolar disorder include medication, such as mood stabilisers and antipsychotics, as well as psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT).
What are the Types of Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder includes Bipolar I Disorder, characterised by manic episodes, and Bipolar II Disorder, involving hypomanic and depressive episodes. Cyclothymic Disorder entails milder mood swings.
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